Plant dyeing technology

Since ancient times, indigo has been one of the most important and commonly used blue dyes. It is extracted from the leaves of a plant grown in Asia, Africa, the Philippines, and the United States. The process of extracting indigo from moss plants is very simple and consists of the following three processes:

(1) soaking the plants in water for fermentation;

(2) Separate the extract and oxidize it in air;

(3) The dye is finally precipitated and separated to make a commercially available cake or powder.


Indigo is mainly found in plants in the form of glucosides and can be fully hydrolyzed by the action of dilute acids, bases, or yeasts. The hydrolyzed products are indole phenols and sugars, and indole phenols can be reoxidized to indigo. During the fermentation process, indigo plants are first decomposed into glucose and then converted into lactic acid, which in turn is converted into butyric acid, carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The hydrogen evolved from the solution reduces the stems to whiteness. Indole white formed a yellow-green solution in the presence of an alkaline solution for dyeing. As soon as the oxygen in the air is touched, the indigo is reconverted into the original insoluble form in the fiber, so the indigo dye has a good washing fastness.


Pine blue is not only an important pigment plant in China. Its leaves contain indigo pigment and can extract blue pigments. It is also a commonly used medicinal plant. Its root medicinal product name is “Blangen” and its leaf is “Daiqingye”. Pine blue is mainly used for dyeing cotton yarns or cotton cloths, but also dyeing wool and silk. The theory of coloring is the same as that of indigo.


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