Analysis of domestic and foreign infant textile technical standards

With the continuous improvement of living standards, people on clothing products has not satisfied the warm wearability, comfort and safety and environmental protection performance clothing more and more people's attention. Children are a special kind of people. Their organs are still in the growing season, their functions are imperfect, they are easily damaged by various substances, and their self-protection ability is poor. It is the object of people's concern and protection, so children's clothing fabric requirements, especially in terms of safety and health, there should be more stringent requirements. In response to the special requirements of children's clothing, relevant inspection standards have been formulated at home and abroad.

First, the national standard:

At present, China's standards related to children's clothing products mainly include: national mandatory standards GB 18401-2010 "National Textile Safety Technology and Specifications" and GB 5296.4-1998 "Consumer Products Instructions for Use of Textiles and Clothing", National Recommended Standard GB/ T1335.3—1997 “Children's Clothing Model”, the product standards mainly include FZ/T 81014—2008 “Infant Clothing”, FZ/T 73025—2006 “Infant Knitwear”, FZ/T 81003—2003 “Children's Clothing” , student uniforms, FZ/T73007-2002 "knitted sportswear", FZ/T73008-2002 "knitted T-shirt", FZ/T73021-2004 "knit student uniform", FZ/T81004-2003 "dress, skirt" and SN/T 1522—2005 “Technical Specifications for Children's Clothing Safety”. These standards basically constitute the standard system for children's clothing inspection in China. The testing items involved in the standard are: formaldehyde content, decomposable aromatic amine, pH value, odor, water color fastness, rubbing fastness, and sweat resistance. Fastness, color fastness to saliva, marking, fiber content and physical properties of related products. FZ/T 81014—2008 “Infant and Children's Clothing” also includes the requirements for the evaluation of ropes and small parts on infant clothes. SN/T 1522—2005 “Technical Specifications for Children's Clothing Safety” also covers the flame retardant properties of apparel fabrics. Assessment requirements for nickel metal release.

Second, foreign standards:

The current international standards for children's clothing are: ISO 3636-1977 "The name and symbol of clothing size men's and boys' outerwear", ISO 4415-1981 "size of clothing identifies men's and boys' underwear, pajamas and shirts", ISO 3637-1977 Names and symbols of clothing size women's and girls' outerwear, ISO3638-1977 "name and symbol of clothing size infant clothing", ISO 4416-1981 "size of clothing identifies women's and girls' underwear, pajamas and shirts". Involving children clothing standards and technical regulations, there are 100 ecological textile standard European Oeko-tex, the European BS EN 14682-2008 EU textiles child safety regulations; British BS7907-1997 "to promote mechanical safety of children's clothing design and production implementation of norms" US Federal Trade Commission (FIC) "Textile Fiber Content and Washing and Maintenance Labeling Regulations", US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) "Children's Pajamas Flammability Standards (16CFR1615 and 16CFR1616)", American International Materials Association ASTM F1816-2004 "Children's Tops Drawstring Pulling Safety Specification", etc. These standards and technical regulations from three aspects of the assessment of quality children's clothing, the main contents include a flame retardant, toxic and harmful substances, clothing rope and widgets as well as conventional color fastness requirements.

Third, the difference between China's children's clothing standards and international standards:

China's children's clothing standard system consists of mandatory and recommended standards. Mandatory standards are standards that must be followed by clothing manufacturers through mandatory means such as laws and administrative regulations. In GB 18401-2010, the technical indicators that must be met for infant and toddler textiles are clearly defined. These indicators are higher than the technical requirements for direct contact with skin textiles and non-direct contact textiles, and some assessment requirements, such as infants and young children, are added. Textiles must be evaluated for color fastness to saliva. In addition, other industry recommended standards for children's clothing require manufacturers to appropriately improve the quality of products according to their own product conditions and on the premise of meeting relevant safety technology categories.

Through comparison and analysis, it is found that the differences between China's children's clothing and European and American children's clothing standards are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Definition of age difference

The European standard Oeko-tex 100 specifies that infants and young children are defined as infants and young children within 36 months. In the United States, a child within 24 months of birth is defined as a baby, and a child within 5 years of age is defined as a child.

There are two ways to define infants and young children in China. One is according to the age of infants and young children. For example, the clothing specified in FZ/T 81014-2008 "Infant and Children's Clothing" is less than 24 months old. It is called infant clothing. GB 18401 - In 2010, the textiles for infants and young children aged 36 months and below are textile products for infants and young children; one is based on the height of infants and young children, such as GB/T

1335.3—2009 “Clothing Type” stipulates that 52cm～80cm is for infants and young children, and there is also a combination of age and height requirements, such as FZ/T 73025—2006 “Infant Knitwear”, the age is within 36 months. Knitwear for infants and young children whose height is below 104cm is called infant knitwear.

2, the difference in flame retardant performance assessment

The domestic evaluation of the flame retardant performance of children's wear products is still blank. Only SN/T 1522-2005 has requirements for the evaluation of the flame retardant performance of children's clothing.

The requirements for the assessment of the flame retardancy of children's clothing in foreign countries are very clear. For example, in the United States' "Children's Pajamas Flammability Standards (16CFR1615 and 16CFR1616)", the definitions applicable to the standards and related assessment requirements are specified in detail. The relevant definitions in the Flammable Fabrics Act are cited. In addition, British Standard BS 5722:1991 "Guidelines for the Flammability of Fabrics and Pillows for Pajamas" and Canada's Dangerous Products (Children's Pajamas) Regulations provide clear and detailed provisions for the flame retardancy of children's clothing. The test method used in the test of the flame retardant properties of fabrics abroad is in accordance with the test method specified in GB/T14644-93 "Determination of the burning rate of textile fabrics in the 45° direction" and GB/T5455-1997 "Vertical method of textile burning performance test". The principle is basically the same, that is, the flame retardancy of the textile is evaluated by measuring the sample after-burning time, smoldering time and carbonization length.

3. Differences between safety technology categories and requirements for toxic and hazardous substances

China's safety technical requirements for infant and young children's clothing are mainly mandatory standards GB 18401-2010, which are based on formaldehyde content, water fastness to color, color fastness to perspiration (acid, alkali), dry rubbing fastness, saliva resistance 9 evaluation items such as color fastness, odor and decomposable carcinogenic aromatic amine dyes were used to evaluate infant textile products.

There are fewer mandatory standards for children's wear in Europe and the United States, but the requirements for children's wear are mentioned in relevant regulations and standards. For example, in the EU eco-textile label Oeko-tex standard100 (2012 version), there are as many as 20 evaluation items for infant textile products. In addition to the items assessed in China's mandatory standard GB 18401-2010, the standard has also added many pairs. Limited requirements for toxic and hazardous substances. Such as sensitizing dyes, plasticizers, insecticides, organotin compounds, extractable heavy metals, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, toxic solvents and surfactants, and the like. Although the United States and Japan do not have the complete toxic and hazardous substances in children's clothing, they have an assessment of toxic and hazardous substances.

Fourth, the recommendations:

Through the analysis and comparison of domestic and international children's clothing standard system and inspection items, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1) Although the standard system for children's clothing inspection has been initially established in China, the implementation and regulations of the standards need to be further improved. The scope of application of children's wear standards needs to be unified and standardized.

2) Many foreign countries have special test standards and assessment requirements for children's clothing flame retardant performance. China also lacks the flame retardant performance test standards and assessment of children's clothing, and recommends the development of relevant standards to assess the flame retardant performance of children's wear.

3) Many countries have strict requirements for toxic and hazardous substances in children's wear. The EU has a relatively complete assessment of toxic and hazardous substances in children's wear. China's children's clothing system can refer to the EU to formulate relevant standards to effectively improve the quality of children's clothing in China and protect children's health.