(Xi'an College of Engineering Science and Technology, Xi'an 710048) The concentration of material and acceleration accounted for pressure-current, magnetic touch, and other fibers that change color. There are mainly photochromic fiber and thermal discoloration | Thousands of booksmark2 In recent years, smart fibers are developing at an extraordinary speed, mainly including fiber optic sensors, conductive fibers, shape memory fibers, discoloration fibers, piezoelectric ceramic fibers, heat storage and temperature control fibers. , temperature and humidity control fibers, selective antibacterial fibers. 21.1 Optical Fiber Sensors Optical fiber sensors can detect strain, temperature, displacement, and chemical signals, and are by far the most developed fiber sensors. Georgia Tech has implanted a plastic fiber optic sensor into a shirt. Using a fabry-erot sensor, it can detect a signal at a certain site and develop a “smart T-shirt†with “perception†that can assist medical staff in detecting the patient’s heartbeat. Body temperature, blood pressure, breathing and other physiological indicators, but also by the monitoring staff to understand and master the athletes, astronauts, pilots of the physical condition, to prevent infants from suffocation during sleep and death. If a soldier wears such a T-shirt, once the bullet is injured and the T-shirt is broken, the light signal in the T-shirt cannot be transmitted to the other end, and the "personal condition monitor" will be returned to the rear. The medical staff will then According to this situation, we can know the wounded and send people to the rescue according to the situation. The fabric, which is made by implanting a network of fiber optic sensors in the foam, can monitor the pressure on the fabric. Drexel University will use fiber-optic sensors coated with a conductive polymer as a coating material for the detection of biochemical substances on the battlefield. 2.1.2 Shape memory fiber Shape memory fiber refers to the shape (initial shape) that can be memorized by the outside when it is thermoformed (one time molding), and it can be arbitrarily deformed when cooled, and the deformation can be fixed at a lower temperature (2. Secondary molding) reversibly restores the original shape of the fiber when reheated. The most common shape memory fibers are Nitinol fibers. Currently, shape memory alloy fibers have been used in smart structures, medical orthopedic, anti-scald garments and new memory apparel. If an Italian clothing company invents a shirt, it doesn't need to be ironed with an iron. When you feel hot, it will automatically roll up the sleeves. The fibers of this garment are woven from Nylon and an alloy material called nitinol. When the ambient temperature rises to a certain temperature, the sleeves can be shortened. According to the manufacturer, the fiber of this garment is made by weaving 5 Nilon filaments around a Nitinol alloy, which can be cleaned as normal clothes and does not cause allergic reactions. 2.1.3 Color-changing fiber-colored fiber is a kind of special composition or structure, which can be reversed and automatically changed after receiving external stimuli such as light, heat, moisture, or radiation. The computer bumper E is a person. The garments made of color-changing fibers show changes in color at different temperatures and in light. Soldiers wear it in different places and become environmental ones. The color is not easily found by the enemy to achieve the purpose of concealing themselves, and the color-changing fiber is also suitable for the production of stage clothing, children's clothing and the like. 21.4 Temperature-regulating fiber Thermostatic fiber can change according to the external environment temperature, and the room-temperature phase-change substance contained in the fiber undergoes a solid reversible phase change, or absorbs heat from the environment and stores it in the fiber, or releases heat to store heat in the fiber. A relatively constant temperature microclimate is formed around the fibers to achieve temperature regulation over a period of time. In addition to the static insulation effect of conventional textiles, textiles processed from heat-reserving heat-regulating fibers also have a dynamic insulation effect due to the heat absorption of phase-change substances. At present, the fiber is mainly used in ski jackets, boots, gloves, socks, caps, sports apparel and other aspects. 21.5 Intelligent Antimicrobial Fibers Various types of bacteria grow on the surface of human skin. Too much or no bacteria on the surface of the skin can cause a variety of problems, such as allergies, odors, or illnesses. Nylstar Corporation of the United States has manufactured a "smart polyamide fiber" in which the antibacterial agent is contained inside the fiber instead of adhering to the surface of the fiber, so there is no need to worry about the ingredients causing skin allergies, and it can withstand 30 times of washing. The difference between the type of fiber and the general antibacterial fiber is that the amount of bacteria on the surface of the skin can be maintained at a normal level whether it is light activity or strenuous exercise. 22 Smart Textiles Combining Electronic Technology with Textile Smart clothing with electronic functions has certain requirements for polymer electronics. Sensors and electronic components cannot interfere with the wearer or cause trouble. The polymer electronic components should be as soft as textiles. Recently, some Belgian scientists have developed wearable electronic products. Their smart running suits also cleverly woven electronic sound relaxers. When you put on it, it will automatically play some type of music, and adjust the rhythm of the music at any time to help the runner adjust the pace at any time. The smart clothing introduced by FAC Garment Design Inc. of Germany integrates the functions of mobile phones, tape recorders, MP3s and GPS systems. 23 Other types of smart textiles 2 31 Anti-collision clothing Old people are slow to move and fall easily if they fall asleep. In response to this situation, a Swiss company successfully developed a so-called *SV* anti-collision clothing for the elderly. If the old man has high blood pressure and feels dizzy, once he falls, there will be no danger of injury if he puts on such clothing. Because the tilting of the crash cap, the computer directs the bumper to open and adjusts the tilt. Degree, the old man will feel the head as if someone is holding it. Even if the bumper is too late for a quick dump, it does not matter because the head of the old man is also supported by the anti-collision spring tension, so the old man will not be injured. 2.32 T-shirts that can be supplemented with vitamin C Fuji Textile Co., Ltd. has developed a fabric containing pro-vitamin. The previtamin is a special substance that converts to vitamin C when it reacts with human skin chemicals. This T-shirt is washed more than 30 times and can also have the ability to supplement vitamin C. Those who cannot get enough vitamins from their diet can be supplemented by wearing such T-shirts. 2.33 Smart textiles for military use Researchers in the US soldier system in Natick, Mass., are working on a new type of clothing that is worn by soldiers and has color-changing, e-mail, and other functions. The garment, called "Tianfei High-speed Battle Suit," will use miniature devices implanted in clothing fibers, including an integrated antenna that allows soldiers to receive e-mail and their own, accurate position of the enemy. In addition, the tiny luminescent particles implanted in the garment can distinguish the color and characteristics of the on-site environment, change its color and mix with it. Allegedly, this kind of clothing will be equipped with troops in 2010. 2.34 Toxic Substances Detection of Toxic Substances in Fabrics The detection fabric is made by weaving some optical fiber sensors in the fabric. When the optical microsensors come into contact with certain gases, electromagnetic energy, biochemical or other toxic media, they are excited to generate an alarm signal. Remind the wearer of exposure to toxic gases and increase the survivability of soldiers on the battlefield. These savvy garments are of greater significance as protective clothing for firefighters, poison workers, or other workers exposed to toxic gas. 3 Conclusion Because of the importance of smart materials and structures, it has attracted the attention of the entire industrialized countries. It is expected that in the 21st century, smart materials will guide the development direction of materials science, and its application and development will enable human civilization to enter a higher stage. GUANGZHOU CARMEN TRADING COMPANY LIMITED , https://www.carmentrading2020.ltd